What is Grammar for Pre-service English Teachers? Entrance and Exit Level Beliefs

The present research aims to explore metaphors used by pre-service English teachers as evidence for their thinking about “grammar”. A cohort of 47 partook in the study. were elicited both at beginning and end four-year education this interval paved way examining potential change participants’ beliefs over time. first clustered into two considering suggested definition grammar a phenomenon school subject. Grammar was further grouped three sub-categories rule (discrete rules, control mechanism, guideline rules), system (system smaller units, central construct larger system), function (medium meaning). results suggest that teachers’ changed By education, decreased distinctively while increased. It is revealed adopted more system-oriented perspective exit level.